The Folding Mystery of Chromosomes The chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms are a complex structural organization of DNA and proteins. The exact structural organization of proteins and DNA to form the chromatin material (or chromosomes during cell division) is a curious question in the scientific community. This curiosity becomes a wonder […]
Continue ReadingCategory Archives: Lecture Notes
Karyotype and Idiogram: Definition and Importance of Karyotype Test (Karyotyping) in Human
What is a Karyotype? All species are characterized by a set of chromosomes to carry their genetic information. The chromosomal composition of each species has a number of characteristics. The Karyotype is a set of characteristics that identifies and describes a particular set of chromosome. These characteristics which are described […]
Continue Reading
Classification of Chromosomes based on Position of Centromere and Length of Chromosomal Arms
The size and shape of the chromosomes are variable in the different phases of cell cycle. Chromosomes in the interphase of cell appear as thin, coiled, elastic and thread-like structures. This thread-like stainable interphase chromosome is called chromatin. During the mitotic or meiotic cell division, the chromatin materials become thicker […]
Continue Reading
Sclerenchyma: Structure, Classification and Functions
Sclerenchyma is a simple permanent tissue in plants. Sclerenchymatous cells are dead at their maturity. Cells do not have protoplast when they completely developed. They have thick secondary cell wall. The secondary cell wall is lignified and very hard. Most of the sclerenchymatous cells show intrusive growth. The present post […]
Continue Reading
Collenchyma: Structure, Classification and Functions
Collenchyma is a simple permanent tissue in plants. They are living cells with prominent nucleus and all the cell organelles. Each collenchymatous cell is with a large and prominent vacuole in the centre. The vacuole is filled with many secondary metabolites. Unlike parenchyma, the collenchyma cells possess thick primary cell […]
Continue Reading