There are many systems of classifications for Gymnosperms in the literature. In the previous post, we discussed the Chamberlain’s System of Classification of Gymnosperms. In this post, we discuss the Sporne’s System of Classification of Gymnosperms (1965). We will also discuss the characteristics of different Classes and Orders in the […]
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Types of Stelar Systems and its Evolution in Pteridophytes and Higher Plants
Stelar Evolution in Pteridophytes What is stele? What are the components of stele? Ø Stele is the central cylinder or core of vascular tissue in higher plants. Ø The stele consists of xylem, phloem, pericycle and medullary rays and pith if present. Ø The term ‘stele’ was for the first […]
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Receptacular vs Appendicular Theory of Inferior Ovary Development in Flowers
Based on the position of ovary there are three types of flowers- (1) Hypogynous, (2) Perigynous, and (3) Epigynous. (1). Hypogynous Flower: The most primitive type with convex shaped Thalamus (torus). The ovary is superior and all other floral parts (calyx, corolla and androecium) arise from the base of the […]
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Gamma Gardens for Mutation Breeding and Crop Improvement
Gamma garden or Atomic garden is a concept popularized after the Word War 2 for the peaceful use of atomic energy (atoms for peace) for the crop improvement. They are a type of induced mutation breeding where radioactive sources particularly gamma rays from cobalt -60 or Caesium-137 are used to […]
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Mutation Breeding Technique in Plant Breeding
Mutation breeding is a type of plant breeding technique that involves exposing plants to radiation or chemicals in order to induce mutations in their genetic material. This process can create new genetic variations that can potentially result in desirable traits such as improved yield, disease resistance, and enhanced nutritional value. […]
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