A phase-contrast microscope is an optical instrument used in microscopy to enhance the contrast of transparent and translucent specimens, such as living cells, that are difficult to visualize using traditional bright-field microscopy. It accomplishes this by exploiting the differences in phase between light waves passing through different parts of the […]
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Hand Sectioning and Microtome Sectioning: Advantages and Limitations
Sectioning in biology refers to the process of cutting a sample of tissue or an organism into thin sections for examination under a microscope. The process is used to study the structure and composition of biological specimens, including tissues, organs, and cells. Sectioning can be done by freehand sectioning or […]
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Dehydration and Clearing in Histopathology
In histology and histopathology, dehydration is a crucial step in the preparation of tissue specimens for microscopic examination. Dehydration is the process of removing water from the tissue by using a series of graded alcohols before embedding it in a medium that can be sliced thinly for microscopic examination. The […]
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Killing and Fixation (Fixatives in Histopathology)
Learning objectives: General account of Killing and Fixing of Plant Specimens for Anatomical and Histological Studies; Agents used for killing and fixation – Alcohol, Formalin, Acetic Acid; Common fixatives: Formalin – Acetic – Alcohol (FAA) mixture; Carnoy’s fluid; Farmer’s Fluid; Chromic acid – Acetic acid – Formation (CRAF), Fixatives in […]
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