Molecular Biology MCQ-01: DNA repair is a cellular process that ensures the integrity and stability of the DNA molecule. The DNA in our cells can be damaged by various factors, including environmental agents such as radiation and chemicals, as well as internal cellular processes. If left unrepaired, DNA damage can lead to mutations, genomic instability, … Read more
Nature is a machine. The family is a machine. The life cycle is like a machine. Ray Dalio What is life cycle? The growth and development consists of a number of distinct morphological and cytological stages. The sequence of these orderly changes is called as LIFE CYCLE. It is the sequence of all different phases … Read more
“The life of the planet began the long, slow process of modulating and regulating the physical conditions of the planet. The oxygen in today’s atmosphere is almost entirely the result of photosynthetic living, which had its start with the appearance of blue-green algae among the microorganisms” Lewis Thomas, 1984 What are algae? Algae is a … Read more
Arthropods are classified into five sub-phylum and each then subdivide into classes (a total of 16 classes according to recent classification of animal taxa). Classification of Arthropods I. Sub-phylum: Trilobitomorpha (extinct arthropods) Class 1: Trilobita II. Sub-phylum: Chelicerata (spiders, horseshoe crabs) Class 1: Arachnida Class 2: Merostomata Class 3: Pycnogonida III. Sub-phylum: Myriapoda (centipedes, millipedes) … Read more
Vascular bundles (VB) are the components of vascular tissue system in plants. They are also called as ‘fascicle’. They are the part of TRANSPORT system in plants. It is one of the PRIMARY tissue systems in plants. More than that is a perfect example for a COMPLEX tissue system in plants. (Complex tissue = composed … Read more